backend: Begin web API server

The web API server is built using FastAPI.  Although there are several
issues with the framework, and it is basically unmaintained at this
point, I still like it better than the alternatives.  Django is too big
and cumbersome, and its async story still needs improvement.  I do not
like Flask at all.  Starlette would be great, but OpenAPI spec
generation is too useful to give up, and the solutions for Starlette are
not nearly as good as FastAPI, even with its bugs and limitations.
Ultimately, the development experience with FastAPI is unmatched, and
for this project, I want to develop quickly.

backend/.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
+    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
+    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "Backend: Web API",
+            "type": "python",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "module": "uvicorn",
+            "args": [
+                "lycodon.api.main:app"
+            ],
+            "jinja": false
+        }
+    ]
+}

backend/poetry.lock

@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+[[package]]
+name = "anyio"
+version = "3.5.0"
+description = "High level compatibility layer for multiple asynchronous event loop implementations"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6.2"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+idna = ">=2.8"
+sniffio = ">=1.1"
+
+[package.extras]
+doc = ["packaging", "sphinx-rtd-theme", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)"]
+test = ["coverage[toml] (>=4.5)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "contextlib2", "uvloop (<0.15)", "mock (>=4)", "uvloop (>=0.15)"]
+trio = ["trio (>=0.16)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "asgiref"
+version = "3.4.1"
+description = "ASGI specs, helper code, and adapters"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.extras]
+tests = ["pytest", "pytest-asyncio", "mypy (>=0.800)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "astroid"
 version = "2.9.3"
@@ -56,6 +84,24 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fastapi"
+version = "0.72.0"
+description = "FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6.1"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pydantic = ">=1.6.2,<1.7 || >1.7,<1.7.1 || >1.7.1,<1.7.2 || >1.7.2,<1.7.3 || >1.7.3,<1.8 || >1.8,<1.8.1 || >1.8.1,<2.0.0"
+starlette = "0.17.1"
+
+[package.extras]
+all = ["requests (>=2.24.0,<3.0.0)", "jinja2 (>=2.11.2,<4.0.0)", "python-multipart (>=0.0.5,<0.0.6)", "itsdangerous (>=1.1.0,<3.0.0)", "pyyaml (>=5.3.1,<6.0.0)", "ujson (>=4.0.1,<5.0.0)", "orjson (>=3.2.1,<4.0.0)", "email_validator (>=1.1.1,<2.0.0)", "uvicorn[standard] (>=0.12.0,<0.16.0)"]
+dev = ["python-jose[cryptography] (>=3.3.0,<4.0.0)", "passlib[bcrypt] (>=1.7.2,<2.0.0)", "autoflake (>=1.4.0,<2.0.0)", "flake8 (>=3.8.3,<4.0.0)", "uvicorn[standard] (>=0.12.0,<0.16.0)"]
+doc = ["mkdocs (>=1.1.2,<2.0.0)", "mkdocs-material (>=8.1.4,<9.0.0)", "mdx-include (>=1.4.1,<2.0.0)", "mkdocs-markdownextradata-plugin (>=0.1.7,<0.3.0)", "typer-cli (>=0.0.12,<0.0.13)", "pyyaml (>=5.3.1,<6.0.0)"]
+test = ["pytest (>=6.2.4,<7.0.0)", "pytest-cov (>=2.12.0,<4.0.0)", "mypy (==0.910)", "flake8 (>=3.8.3,<4.0.0)", "black (==21.9b0)", "isort (>=5.0.6,<6.0.0)", "requests (>=2.24.0,<3.0.0)", "httpx (>=0.14.0,<0.19.0)", "email_validator (>=1.1.1,<2.0.0)", "sqlalchemy (>=1.3.18,<1.5.0)", "peewee (>=3.13.3,<4.0.0)", "databases[sqlite] (>=0.3.2,<0.6.0)", "orjson (>=3.2.1,<4.0.0)", "ujson (>=4.0.1,<5.0.0)", "python-multipart (>=0.0.5,<0.0.6)", "flask (>=1.1.2,<3.0.0)", "anyio[trio] (>=3.2.1,<4.0.0)", "types-ujson (==0.1.1)", "types-orjson (==3.6.0)", "types-dataclasses (==0.1.7)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "flake8"
 version = "4.0.1"
@@ -69,6 +115,22 @@ mccabe = ">=0.6.0,<0.7.0"
 pycodestyle = ">=2.8.0,<2.9.0"
 pyflakes = ">=2.4.0,<2.5.0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "h11"
+version = "0.12.0"
+description = "A pure-Python, bring-your-own-I/O implementation of HTTP/1.1"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "idna"
+version = "3.3"
+description = "Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "isort"
 version = "5.10.1"
@@ -152,6 +214,21 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pydantic"
+version = "1.9.0"
+description = "Data validation and settings management using python 3.6 type hinting"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6.1"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+typing-extensions = ">=3.7.4.3"
+
+[package.extras]
+dotenv = ["python-dotenv (>=0.10.4)"]
+email = ["email-validator (>=1.0.3)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pyflakes"
 version = "2.4.0"
@@ -188,6 +265,28 @@ python-versions = "*"
 [package.extras]
 dev = ["build", "pytest", "pytest-timeout"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sniffio"
+version = "1.2.0"
+description = "Sniff out which async library your code is running under"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "starlette"
+version = "0.17.1"
+description = "The little ASGI library that shines."
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+anyio = ">=3.0.0,<4"
+
+[package.extras]
+full = ["itsdangerous", "jinja2", "python-multipart", "pyyaml", "requests"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
 version = "0.10.2"
@@ -208,10 +307,26 @@ python-versions = ">=3.6"
 name = "typing-extensions"
 version = "4.0.1"
 description = "Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.6+"
-category = "dev"
+category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "uvicorn"
+version = "0.17.0"
+description = "The lightning-fast ASGI server."
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+asgiref = ">=3.4.0"
+click = ">=7.0"
+h11 = ">=0.8"
+
+[package.extras]
+standard = ["websockets (>=10.0)", "httptools (>=0.2.0,<0.4.0)", "watchgod (>=0.6)", "python-dotenv (>=0.13)", "PyYAML (>=5.1)", "uvloop (>=0.14.0,!=0.15.0,!=0.15.1)", "colorama (>=0.4)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wrapt"
 version = "1.13.3"
@@ -223,9 +338,17 @@ python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,>=2.7"
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "1.1"
 python-versions = "^3.8"
-content-hash = "257637b1d644fbb27b0b60ab46025c5dd315bc361de01260ef847c828bcc189d"
+content-hash = "df11d0f4224710aaac189390a0ab2d3aea8141cef77ad7c933cc3f754dfc5f06"
 
 [metadata.files]
+anyio = [
+    {file = "anyio-3.5.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b5fa16c5ff93fa1046f2eeb5bbff2dad4d3514d6cda61d02816dba34fa8c3c2e"},
+    {file = "anyio-3.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a0aeffe2fb1fdf374a8e4b471444f0f3ac4fb9f5a5b542b48824475e0042a5a6"},
+]
+asgiref = [
+    {file = "asgiref-3.4.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ffc141aa908e6f175673e7b1b3b7af4fdb0ecb738fc5c8b88f69f055c2415214"},
+    {file = "asgiref-3.4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4ef1ab46b484e3c706329cedeff284a5d40824200638503f5768edb6de7d58e9"},
+]
 astroid = [
     {file = "astroid-2.9.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:506daabe5edffb7e696ad82483ad0228245a9742ed7d2d8c9cdb31537decf9f6"},
     {file = "astroid-2.9.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1efdf4e867d4d8ba4a9f6cf9ce07cd182c4c41de77f23814feb27ca93ca9d877"},
@@ -242,10 +365,22 @@ colorama = [
     {file = "colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9f47eda37229f68eee03b24b9748937c7dc3868f906e8ba69fbcbdd3bc5dc3e2"},
     {file = "colorama-0.4.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5941b2b48a20143d2267e95b1c2a7603ce057ee39fd88e7329b0c292aa16869b"},
 ]
+fastapi = [
+    {file = "fastapi-0.72.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7421a2f30e9ed1866874cff089733d4f9a0cd4f49b6ea3995c0de75e32bbb52f"},
+    {file = "fastapi-0.72.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:019ec52c00581bc055e6dfb621aaa9c2a56007c283839305412e1073a777eaf1"},
+]
 flake8 = [
     {file = "flake8-4.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:479b1304f72536a55948cb40a32dce8bb0ffe3501e26eaf292c7e60eb5e0428d"},
     {file = "flake8-4.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:806e034dda44114815e23c16ef92f95c91e4c71100ff52813adf7132a6ad870d"},
 ]
+h11 = [
+    {file = "h11-0.12.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:36a3cb8c0a032f56e2da7084577878a035d3b61d104230d4bd49c0c6b555a9c6"},
+    {file = "h11-0.12.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:47222cb6067e4a307d535814917cd98fd0a57b6788ce715755fa2b6c28b56042"},
+]
+idna = [
+    {file = "idna-3.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:84d9dd047ffa80596e0f246e2eab0b391788b0503584e8945f2368256d2735ff"},
+    {file = "idna-3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9d643ff0a55b762d5cdb124b8eaa99c66322e2157b69160bc32796e824360e6d"},
+]
 isort = [
     {file = "isort-5.10.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6f62d78e2f89b4500b080fe3a81690850cd254227f27f75c3a0c491a1f351ba7"},
     {file = "isort-5.10.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e8443a5e7a020e9d7f97f1d7d9cd17c88bcb3bc7e218bf9cf5095fe550be2951"},
@@ -331,6 +466,43 @@ pycodestyle = [
     {file = "pycodestyle-2.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:720f8b39dde8b293825e7ff02c475f3077124006db4f440dcbc9a20b76548a20"},
     {file = "pycodestyle-2.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:eddd5847ef438ea1c7870ca7eb78a9d47ce0cdb4851a5523949f2601d0cbbe7f"},
 ]
+pydantic = [
+    {file = "pydantic-1.9.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:cb23bcc093697cdea2708baae4f9ba0e972960a835af22560f6ae4e7e47d33f5"},
+    {file = "pydantic-1.9.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:1d5278bd9f0eee04a44c712982343103bba63507480bfd2fc2790fa70cd64cf4"},
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+    {file = "pydantic-1.9.0-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:a733965f1a2b4090a5238d40d983dcd78f3ecea221c7af1497b845a9709c1721"},
+    {file = "pydantic-1.9.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:2cc6a4cb8a118ffec2ca5fcb47afbacb4f16d0ab8b7350ddea5e8ef7bcc53a16"},
+    {file = "pydantic-1.9.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:085ca1de245782e9b46cefcf99deecc67d418737a1fd3f6a4f511344b613a5b3"},
+    {file = "pydantic-1.9.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:742645059757a56ecd886faf4ed2441b9c0cd406079c2b4bee51bcc3fbcd510a"},
+]
 pyflakes = [
     {file = "pyflakes-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3bb3a3f256f4b7968c9c788781e4ff07dce46bdf12339dcda61053375426ee2e"},
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@@ -343,6 +515,14 @@ rope = [
     {file = "rope-0.22.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2847220bf72ead09b5abe72b1edc9cacff90ab93663ece06913fc97324167870"},
     {file = "rope-0.22.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b00fbc064a26fc62d7220578a27fd639b2fad57213663cc396c137e92d73f10f"},
 ]
+sniffio = [
+    {file = "sniffio-1.2.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:471b71698eac1c2112a40ce2752bb2f4a4814c22a54a3eed3676bc0f5ca9f663"},
+    {file = "sniffio-1.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c4666eecec1d3f50960c6bdf61ab7bc350648da6c126e3cf6898d8cd4ddcd3de"},
+]
+starlette = [
+    {file = "starlette-0.17.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:26a18cbda5e6b651c964c12c88b36d9898481cd428ed6e063f5f29c418f73050"},
+    {file = "starlette-0.17.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:57eab3cc975a28af62f6faec94d355a410634940f10b30d68d31cb5ec1b44ae8"},
+]
 toml = [
     {file = "toml-0.10.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:806143ae5bfb6a3c6e736a764057db0e6a0e05e338b5630894a5f779cabb4f9b"},
     {file = "toml-0.10.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b3bda1d108d5dd99f4a20d24d9c348e91c4db7ab1b749200bded2f839ccbe68f"},
@@ -355,6 +535,10 @@ typing-extensions = [
     {file = "typing_extensions-4.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7f001e5ac290a0c0401508864c7ec868be4e701886d5b573a9528ed3973d9d3b"},
     {file = "typing_extensions-4.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4ca091dea149f945ec56afb48dae714f21e8692ef22a395223bcd328961b6a0e"},
 ]
+uvicorn = [
+    {file = "uvicorn-0.17.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0b89c91bb8fe84c4bded9996af13c4b8c0de799d29bffeaa0c8ad298f2be0934"},
+    {file = "uvicorn-0.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:192c2422b056a3beb512c6c260bf77a7a884204a4ae41856719c1913ead63bbb"},
+]
 wrapt = [
     {file = "wrapt-1.13.3-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:e05e60ff3b2b0342153be4d1b597bbcfd8330890056b9619f4ad6b8d5c96a81a"},
     {file = "wrapt-1.13.3-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:85148f4225287b6a0665eef08a178c15097366d46b210574a658c1ff5b377489"},

backend/pyproject.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ license = "MIT"
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = "^3.8"
+fastapi = "^0.72.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
 black = "^21.12b0"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ isort = "^5.10.1"
 mypy = "^0.931"
 pylint = "^2.12.2"
 rope = "^0.22.0"
+uvicorn = "^0.17.0"
 
 [build-system]
 requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]

backend/src/lycodon/api/context.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'''Runtime state context
+
+The :py:class:`Context` class is instantiated when the web server
+process starts and maintains the application's runtime state.  The
+context is available to request handlers using the
+:py:func:`get_context` function via FastAPI dependency injection.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    @app.get('/foo')
+    def get_foo(context: Context = fastapi.Depends(get_context)):
+        ...
+'''
+import fastapi
+
+
+class Context:
+    '''Application context'''
+
+
+def get_context(request: fastapi.Request) -> Context:
+    '''Dependency function to access the application context'''
+
+    context: Context = request.scope['lycodon_ctx']
+    return context

backend/src/lycodon/api/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+'''Lycodon Web API Server'''
+from typing import Awaitable, Callable
+
+import fastapi
+
+from .. import __version__
+from .context import Context
+
+
+app = fastapi.FastAPI(
+    title='Lycodon',
+    description='Lycodon is a music library manager.',
+    version=__version__,
+    docs_url='/api-doc/',
+    redoc_url=None,
+)
+
+
+# Application context
+context = Context()
+
+
+@app.middleware('http')
+async def context_middleware(
+    request: fastapi.Request,
+    call_next: Callable[[fastapi.Request], Awaitable[fastapi.Response]],
+) -> fastapi.Response:
+    '''Middleware to add the Application Context to the request scope
+
+    This middleware function adds the :py:class:`Context` to the
+    ASGI request scope.  To retrieve it, use
+    :py:func:`lycodon.api.context.get_context`.
+    '''
+
+    request.scope['lycodon_ctx'] = context
+    return await call_next(request)